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Brain-Machine Interfaces and Non-pharmacological Enhancement

The man on the street is more likely to use pharmaceutical enhancement at some point in his life than any of the methods discussed in this section. Nevertheless, nonpharmaceutical methods for altering brain function have evolved rapidly over the past decade. It seems likely that they will become more widely used for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders and, eventually, for the enhancement of normal healthy brains. Three lines of research are paving the way for nonpharmacologic brain enhancement. The first is more>>

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Birbaumer, N. (2006). Presidential Address: Breaking the Silence: Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) for communication and motor control. Psychophysiology, 43: 517-532.

Clark, A. (2003). Natural-Born Cyborgs. Oxford University Press.

Duncan, D.E.  (2005) Implanting hope.  Technology Review, March. 

George, M.S. (2003). Stimulating the Brain. Scientific American, September: 67-73.

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